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UPSC Mains 2025 General Studies Paper I

Explore the complete UPSC Mains GS Paper I question paper from 2025, with every question clearly presented alongside its marks and word limit. Read online or download either PDF edition free.

The official PDF is UPSC’s own bilingual file. The UPSC Gurus edition is a clean English version formatted for easy reading and printing.

Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2025Time Allowed: Three HoursMaximum Marks: 250

Practise Under the Exam Clock

Set aside three hours, start the clock and write your answers on paper, just as you would in the examination. Nothing needs to be uploaded.

Question Paper Specific Instructions

  • There are TWENTY questions printed both in HINDI and in ENGLISH.
  • All questions are compulsory.
  • The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.
  • Answers to Question Nos. 1 to 10 should be in 150 words, whereas answers to Question Nos. 11 to 20 should be in 250 words.
  • Keep the word limit indicated in the questions in mind.
  • 1

    Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture.

    Answer in about 150 words
    10marks
  • 2

    Examine the main aspects of Akbar's religious syncretism.

    Answer in about 150 words
    10marks
  • 3

    "The sculptors filled the Chandella artform with resilient vigor and breadth of life." Elucidate.

    Answer in about 150 words
    10marks
  • 4

    How are climate change and the sea level rise affecting the very existence of many island nations? Discuss with examples.

    Answer in about 150 words
    10marks
  • 5

    What are non-farm primary activities? How are these activities related to physiographic features in India? Discuss with suitable examples.

    Answer in about 150 words
    10marks
  • 6

    Explain briefly the ecological and economic benefits of solar energy generation in India with suitable examples.

    Answer in about 150 words
    10marks
  • 7

    What are Tsunamis? How and where are they formed? What are their consequences? Explain with examples.

    Answer in about 150 words
    10marks
  • 8

    How does smart city in India, address the issues of urban poverty and distributive justice?

    Answer in about 150 words
    10marks
  • 9

    The ethos of civil service in India stand for the combination of professionalism with nationalistic consciousness – Elucidate.

    Answer in about 150 words
    10marks
  • 10

    Do you think that globalization results in only an aggressive consumer culture? Justify your answer.

    Answer in about 150 words
    10marks
  • 11

    Mahatma Jotirao Phule's writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.

    Answer in about 250 words
    15marks
  • 12

    Trace India's consolidation process during early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations.

    Answer in about 250 words
    15marks
  • 13

    The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain.

    Answer in about 250 words
    15marks
  • 14

    Give a geographical explanation of the distribution of off-shore oil reserves of the world. How are they different from the on-shore occurrences of oil reserves?

    Answer in about 250 words
    15marks
  • 15

    How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) and drones be effectively used along with GIS and RS techniques in locational and areal planning?

    Answer in about 250 words
    15marks
  • 16

    Discuss how the changes in shape and sizes of continents and ocean basins of the planet take place due to tectonic movements of the crustal masses.

    Answer in about 250 words
    15marks
  • 17

    Discuss the distribution and density of population in the Ganga River Basin with special reference to land, soil and water resources.

    Answer in about 250 words
    15marks
  • 18

    How do you account for the growing fast food industries given that there are increased health concerns in modern society? Illustrate your answer with the Indian experience.

    Answer in about 250 words
    15marks
  • 19

    Achieving sustainable growth with emphasis on environmental protection could come into conflict with poor people's needs in a country like India – Comment.

    Answer in about 250 words
    15marks
  • 20

    Does tribal development in India centre around two axes, those of displacement and of rehabilitation? Give your opinion.

    Answer in about 250 words
    15marks
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